Neandertal

Neanderthal Temporal range: Middle to Late Pleistocene 0.43–0.04 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
An approximate reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton. The central rib-cage (including the sternum) and parts of the pelvis are from modern humans.
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon
Missing taxonomy template (pakarhayon):	Homo
Espesyes:	†H. neanderthalensis
Ngaran binomyal
†Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864
Known Neanderthal range in Europe (blue), Southwest Asia (orange), Uzbekistan (green), and the Altai Mountains (violet)
Sinonimo[6]
Homo H. stupidus Haeckel, 1895[1] H. europaeus primigenius Wilser, 1898 H. primigenius Schwalbe, 1906[2] H. antiquus Adloff, 1908 H. transprimigenius mousteriensis Farrer, 1908 H. mousteriensis hauseri Klaatsch 1909[3][4] H. priscus Krause, 1909 H. chapellensis von Buttel-Reepen, 1911 H. calpicus Keith, 1911 H. acheulensis moustieri Wiegers, 1915 H. lemousteriensis Wiegers, 1915 H. naulettensis Baudouin, 1916 H. sapiens neanderthalensis Kleinshmidt, 1922 H. heringsdorfensis Werthe, 1928 H. galilensis Joleaud, 1931 H. primigenius galilaeensis Sklerj, 1937 H. kiikobiensis Bontsch-Osmolovskii, 1940 H. sapiens krapinensis Campbell, 1962 H. erectus mapaensis Kurth, 1965 Palaeoanthropus P. neanderthalensis McCown and Keith, 1939[5] P. heidelbergensis McCown and Keith, 1939[5] P. ehringsdorfensis Paterson, 1940[5] P. krapinensis Sergi, 1911[5] P. palestinensis McCown and Keith, 1939[5] P. europaeus Sergi, 1910 Protanthropus P. atavus Haeckel, 1895 P. tabunensis Bonarelli, 1944 Acanthropus A. neanderthalensis Arldt, 1915 A. primigenius Abel, 1920 A. neanderthalensis Dawkins, 1926

An Neanderthals (/niˈændərˌtɑːl, neɪ-, -ˌθɑːl/ nee-AN-də(r)-TAHL, nay-, -⁠THAHL;^[7] Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis), pigsusurat man bilang Neandertals, iyo an sarong extinct na espesye o subespesye kan archaic humans na nakaistar sa Eurasya sagkod sa haros 40,000 na taon an nakaagi.^{[8][9][10][11]} An type specimen, Neanderthal 1, nanompongan kaidtong 1856 sa Neander Valley sa presenteng aldaw na Alemanya.

1. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na haeckel
2. ↑ Schwalbe, G. (1906). Studien zur Vorgeschichte des Menschen [Studies on the pre-history of man] (in German). Stuttgart, E. Nägele. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61918. hdl:2027/uc1.b4298459. 
3. ↑ Klaatsch, H. (1909). "Preuves que l'Homo Mousteriensis Hauseri appartient au type de Neandertal" (in fr). L'Homme Préhistorique 7: 10–16. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5864483g/f25.image.. 
4. ↑ Romeo, L. (1979). Ecce Homo!: a lexicon of man. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-272-2006-6. 
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4} McCown, T.; Keith, A. (1939). The stone age of Mount Carmel. The fossil human remains from the Levalloisso-Mousterian. 2. Clarenden Press. 
6. ↑ Szalay, F. S.; Delson, E. (2013). Evolutionary history of the Primates. Academic Press. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-4832-8925-0. 
7. ↑ Wells, J. (2008). Longman pronunciation dictionary (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0. 
8. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2014
9. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2011
10. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na pinhasi2011
11. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na galvan2014